What is the optical fiber adapter _ The role of the optical

First, what is the optical fiber adapter

Optical fiber adapter (also known as flange), also known as optical fiber connector, is an optical fiber movable connector to connect the components. Optical fiber connectors are the most used optical passive devices in optical fiber communication systems, and most optical fiber connectors are composed of three parts: two optical fiber connectors and a coupler. The two optical fiber connectors are installed into the ends of the two optical fibers. The coupler serves to align the casing. In addition, the coupler is equipped with metal or non-metal flanges to facilitate the installation and fixing of the connector.

 

Both ends of the optical fiber adapter can be inserted into different interface types of optical fiber connectors, to achieve the conversion between FC, SC, ST, LC, MTRJ, MPO, E2000 and other different interfaces, widely used in optical fiber distribution frame (ODF), optical fiber communication equipment, instruments, etc., superior performance, stable and reliable. Some fiber optic adapters on the market are also called fiber optic connectors, in fact, these are two different products.

1, through 100% optical performance testing, ceramic (zirconia) casing, imported high-precision machine tool processing, high product finish, accurate axis positioning, to ensure the product coaxiality and circularity of the exact coefficient

 

2, the unique design of the integrated internal structure, the structure is simpler, easier to use, easy to assemble, improve efficiency

 

3, good stability, continuous insertion test insertion loss is small

Insertion loss: ≤0.2dB

 

Return loss: ≥40dB

 

Interchangeability: ≤0.2dB

 

Operating temperature (℃) : -30 - +80

 

Storage temperature (℃) : -40 - +85

 

Vibration test: ≤0.1dB (10-60Hz, 1.5mm amplitude)

 

Tensile strength test: ≤0.1dB

 

Repeatability: ≥1000 times

Optical fiber connectors have various forms, generally used in EPON networks for the connector APC connector, the end of the APC is ground into an 8 degree Angle, in order to reduce reflection, its industry standard return loss of -60dB. The APC connector offers superior performance with precise, predetermined Angle, predetermined radius and pre-polished bushings and can be used in compact keystroke configurations with or without the NTT-FC standard.

 

According to the application range and different needs of the optical fiber adapter, in order to be fixed on a variety of panels, the optical fiber adapter is also designed a variety of fine fixed flanges, the conversion type optical fiber adapter can be connected to different types of optical fiber jumper interfaces, and provides connections between different sections, double or multiple connections can improve the installation density. According to the different shape structure and docking section, optical fiber adapters can be generally divided into the following common models: FC, SC, ST, LC, FC-SC, FC-ST, ST-SC, in addition to some rotary female conversion optical fiber adapters.

 

FC Optical Fiber adapter:

The external strengthening method is metal sleeve, fastening method is turnbuckle. The FC connector uses the butt end of a ceramic pin. This kind of connector has simple structure, convenient operation and easy production, but the fiber end is more sensitive to fine dust, and is easy to produce Fresnel reflection, and it is difficult to improve the return loss performance. Later, this type of connector has been improved, using a spherical pin (PC) with butt face, and the external structure has not changed, so that the insertion loss and return loss performance has been greatly improved.

 

SC Fiber Adapter:

Its shell is rectangular, and the structural dimensions of the pins and coupling sleeves used are exactly the same as those of the FC type. The end face of the pin mostly adopts PC or APC grinding mode; The fastening method is to use the plug and pull pin latch type, without rotation. Equipped with metal shrapnel for easy concealed use. This kind of connector has the advantages of low price, easy insertion and removal operation, small fluctuation of intervention loss, high compressive strength and high installation density.

 

ST Fiber Optic Adapter:

It is a clamping structure with a key to ensure the accurate alignment of the connection, with strong tensile strength, metal key positioning, improve the repeatability and durability of the adapter, the use of precision ceramic or copper sleeve to ensure long-term stable mechanical and optical properties. Rectangular structure, tapping riveting installation is easy to use.

 

LC Fiber Optic adapter:

The modular jack (RJ) latching mechanism is used for easy operation. The size of the pin and sleeve used in the utility model is small, which improves the density of the fiber connector in the fiber distribution frame. The precision ceramic sleeve ensures long-term stable mechanical and optical performance.

(1) FC optical fiber connector

 

This connector was first developed by NTT in Japan. FC is the abbreviation of FERRULECONNECTOR, indicating that its external reinforcement is made of metal sleeves, and the fastening method is turnbuckle. The earliest, FC type connectors used ceramic pins for butt ends. This kind of connector has simple structure, convenient operation and easy production, but the fiber end is more sensitive to fine dust, and is easy to produce Fresnel reflection, and it is difficult to improve the return loss performance. Later, this type of connector has been improved, using a spherical pin (PC) with butt face, and the external structure has not changed, so that the insertion loss and return loss performance has been greatly improved.

 

(2) SC optical fiber connector

 

This is a fiber optic connector developed by NTT Corporation of Japan. Its shell is rectangular, and the structural dimensions of the pins and coupling sleeves used are exactly the same as those of the FC type. The end face of the pin mostly adopts PC or APC grinding mode; The fastening method is to use the plug and pull pin latch type, without rotation. This kind of connector has the advantages of low price, easy insertion and removal operation, small fluctuation of intervention loss, high compressive strength and high installation density. ST and SC interfaces are two types of fiber optic connectors. For 10BASE-F connections, the connector is usually ST, and for 100BASE-FX, the connector is mostly SC. The core of the ST connector is exposed, and the core of the SC connector is inside the connector.

 

(3) BICONICCONNECTOR (BICONICCONNECTOR)

 

The most representative product of this type of fiber optic connector is developed by Bell Laboratories in the United States, which is composed of two cylindrical plugs with a cube-shaped end and a coupling component with a biconical plastic sleeve.

 

(4) DIN47256 fiber optic connector

 

This is a connector developed in Germany. The pin and coupling sleeve used in this connector have the same structural size as the FC type, and the end face is treated by PC grinding. Compared with the FC connector, its structure is more complex, and the internal metal structure has a spring that controls the pressure, which can avoid damage to the end surface due to excessive inserting pressure. In addition, the mechanical accuracy of this connector is high, so the insertion loss value is small.

 

(5) MT-RJ connector

 

Mt-rj started from the MT connector developed by NTT, with the same latch mechanism as the RJ-45 LAN electrical connector, through the guide pin mounted on both sides of the small sleeve to align the optical fiber, in order to facilitate the connection with the optical transceiver, the connector end fiber is double-core (0.75MM apart) arrangement design. It is a next-generation high-density fiber optic connector mainly used for data transmission.

 

(6) LC connector

 

The LC connector is developed by the famous BELL (Bell) Institute and is made of the easy-to-operate modular jack (RJ) latching mechanism. The size of the pin and sleeve used is half of the size used by ordinary SC, FC, etc., which is 1.25MM. This can improve the density of the optical fiber connector in the optical fiber distribution frame. At present, in terms of single-mode SFF, LC type connectors have actually occupied a dominant position, and the application of multi-mode is also growing rapidly.

 

(7) MU connector

 

MU (MINIATUREUNITCOUPLING) connector is the world's smallest single-core optical fiber connector developed by NTT based on the most used SC connector at present. The connector features a 1.25-mm diameter bushing and self-holding mechanism, which gives it the advantage of high-density installation. Using MU's L.25MM diameter bushing, NTT has developed the MU connector family. They have receptacle type connectors (MU-A series) for optical cable connections; Baseboard connectors with self-holding mechanism (MU-B series), simplified receptacles for connecting LD/PD modules to plugs (MU-SR series), etc. With the rapid development of optical fiber networks in the direction of larger bandwidth and larger capacity and the wide application of DWDM technology, the demand for MU connectors will also grow rapidly.

Like the optical fiber connector, the optical fiber adapter is also a component that plays a connecting role in the optical fiber line, the difference is that the optical fiber connector can only be used to connect the same type of optical cable or the same type of equipment, once the two connected optical cables and the model of the equipment do not meet the situation. The optical fiber adapter is different, there are a number of different types of input and output ports on its box, no matter what type of optical fiber lines and equipment can be easily connected. The optical fiber adapter also has a function, that is, to establish a signal branch, which says that there are several exits on the box of the optical fiber adapter, and each exit can establish a branch line.

 

The application range of optical fiber adapter is very wide, first of all, in the optical fiber communication network has an indispensable role, our network signals are now with optical fiber, so the optical fiber has almost been pulled to thousands of households, in which the role of the optical fiber adapter must be inseparable. Then is the cable TV network, some some TV signals are also transmitted by optical fiber, in such a cable TV network, first with a voltage controlled oscillator type of signal source to generate electrical signals, and then through the photoelectric element converted into optical signals, so that you can use optical fiber transmission, in such a fiber optic TV signal network fiber adapter also has a very wide range of uses. There is also optical fiber can be used to build some local area networks for internal use by some units, and can also establish data links between some electronic devices, which are also inseparable from optical fiber adapters. It can be seen that the role of the optical fiber adapter in the optical fiber communication network is as essential as the role of the power connector in the circuit.

 

Seven, optical fiber adapter application range

1. Optical fiber communication system

 

2. Limited TV network

 

3, local area network, optical domain network

 

4, Fiber to the home (FTTP)

 

5. Video transmission

 

6. Test instrument